Among the different existing inverter topologies, the full bridge or the H-bridge inverter topology is considered to be the most efficient and effective. Configuring a full bridge topology could involve too many criticality, however with the advent of full bridge driver ICs these have now become one of the simplest inverters one can build.
What's a Full-Bridge Topology
A full bridge inverter also called an H-bridge inverter, is the most efficient inverter topology which work two wire transformers for delivering the required push-pull oscillating current into the primary. This avoids the use of a 3-wire center tapped transformer which are not very efficient due to their twice the amount of primary winding than a 2-wire transformer
This feature allows the use of smaller transformers and get more power outputs at the same time.Today due to the easy availability of full bridge driver ICs things have become utterly simple and making a full bridge inverter circuit at home has become a kids play.
Here I have explained a full bridge inverter circuit using the full bridge driver IC IRS2453(1)D from International Rectifiers.
The mentioned chip is an outstanding full bridge driver IC as it single handedly takes care of all the major criticality involved with H-bridge topologies through its advanced in-built circuitry.
The assembler simply needs to connect a few handful of components externally for achieving a full fledged, working H-bridge inverter.
The simplicity of the design is evident from the diagram shown below:
Circuit Operation
Pin14 and pin10 are the high side floating supply voltage pinouts of the IC. The 1uF capacitors effectively keep these crucial pinouts a shade higher than the drain voltages of the corresponding mosfets ensuring that the mosfet source potential stays lower than the gate potential for the required conduction of the mosfets.
The gate resistors suppress drain/source surge possibility by preventing sudden conduction of the mosfets.
The diodes across the gate resistors are introduced for quick discharging of the internal gate/drain capacitors during their non-conduction periods for ensuring optimal response from the devices.
The IC IRS2453(1)D is also featured with an in-built oscillator, meaning no external oscillator stage would be required with this chip.
Just a couple of external passive components take care of the frequency for driving the inverter.
Rt and Ct can be calculated for getting the intending 50Hz or 60 Hz frequency outputs over the mosfets.
Calculating Frequency Determining Components
The following formula can be used for calculating the values of Rt/Ct:
f = 1/1.453 x Rt x Ct
where Rt is in Ohms and Ct in Farads.
High Voltage Feature
Another interesting feature of this IC is its ability to handle very high voltages upto 600V making it perfectly applicable for transformeless inverters or compact ferrite inverter circuits.
As can be seen in the given diagram, if an externally accessible 330V DC is applied across the "+/- AC rectified lines", the configuration instantly becomes a transformerless inverter wherein any intended load can be connected directly across the points marked as "load".
Alternatively if an ordinary step-down transformer is used, the primary winding can be connected across the points marked as "load". In this case the "+AC rectified line" can be joined with pin#1 of the IC and terminated commonly to the battery (+) of the inverter.
If a battery higher than 15V is used, the "+AC rectified line" should be connected directly with the battery positive while pin#1 should be applied with a stepped down regulated 12V from the battery source using IC 7812.
Although the below shown design looks too easy to construct, the layout requires some strict guidelines to be followed, you may refer to the post for ensuring correct protection measures for proposed simple full bridge inverter circuit.
NOTE: Please join the SD pin of the IC with the ground line, if it is not used for the shut down operation.
Circuit Diagram
Simple H-Bridge or Full Bridge Inverter using two Half-Bridge IC IR2110
The diagram above shows how to implement an effective full bridge square wave inverter design using a couple of half bridge ICs IR2110.
The ICs are full fledged half bridge drivers equipped with the required bootstrapping capacitor network for driving the high side mosfets, and a dead-time feature to ensure 100% safety for the mosfet conduction.
The ICs work by alternately switching the Q1/Q2 and Q3/Q4 mosfets in tandem, such that at any occasion when Q1 is ON, Q2 and Q3 are completely switched OF and vice versa.
The IC is able to create the above precise switching in response to the timed signals at their HIN and LIN inputs.
These four inputs needs to be triggered to ensure that at any instant HIN1 and LIN2 are switched ON simultaneously while HIN2 and LIN1 are switched OFF, and vice versa. This is done at twice the rate of the inverter output frequency. Meaning if the inverter output is required to be 50Hz, the HIN/LIN inputs should be oscillated at 100Hz rate and so on.
Oscillator Circuit
This is an oscillator circuit which is optimized for triggering the HIN/LIN inputs of the above explained full-bridge inverter circuit.
A single 4049 IC is used for generating the required frequency and also for isolating the alternating input feeds for the inverter ICs.
C1 and R1 determine the frequency required for oscillating the half bridge devices and could be calculated using the following formula:
f = 1 /1.2RC
Alternatively, the values could be achieved through some trial and error.
Discrete Full Bridge Inverter using Transistor
So far we have studied a full bridge inverter topologies using specialized ICs, however the same could be built using discrete parts such transistors and capacitors, and without depending on ICs.
A simple diagram can be seen below:
hello sir i hope you good,, i have talk with you about full h-bridge solar inverter 5.5kw and volatge from the solar is 490v and i am using SPW47N60C3 mosfet and 10 mosfet on each channel all mosfets i will use 40 mosfets ….10 on each channel i will use 2 IR2110 ic and cd4047 for pwm for 2 IR2110 ic to drive mosfets to make it full h-bridge
i have a question and thanks you for your time.
how much current the circuit need for ics to feed gate mosfets without any problem and what is the best voltage?
Thank you Sayed,
The MOSFET gates are high impedance inputs so the current does not matter, the gates can work with microamperes also, so nothing to worry about the current. The best voltage is 12V.
The ICs might need 5 to 10mA for operating correctly.
okay i want ask you again and i am sorry for taking from you time.sir
i will make circut without transformer to feed the ics and gates of mosfets
12v 150 ma it will handle the gates and ics?
question two the gates takes power from the 2 IR2110 ics and cd4047 right?
No problem Sayed,
Yes 12V 150mA will more than sufficient for the ICs and the MOSFET gates.
Your second question is also correct. However remember that the HIN pin of one IR2110 IC must connect with the LIN pin of the other IR2110 IC, and vice versa.
make full h-bridge solar inverter 5kw and i am using irfp460 amd 10 mosfet on each channel all mosfets i will use 40 mosfets ….10 on each channel i will use 2 IR2110 ic to drive mosfets to make it full h-bridge
i have some questions and thanks you for your time.
1. can i use tl494 as an oscillator for 50hz for 2 ic ir2110?
2. what is the best resistor to add on gates mosfets on each channel?
Yes, those MOSFETs can be used, provided your solar input voltage is above 200V DC.
TL494 cannot be used to generate 50Hz frequency. You can use 4060 iC instead, or the one explained in the above article.
For 50Hz you can use any gate resistor between 10 ohm and 50 ohm 1/4 watt.
thanks for your answer sir,
but in ic4060 can i add feedback to adjust votlage automaticaly ??
and i asking i should add resisiter on pwm signals coming from ic4060 to 2ic ir2110 like mosfets gates ?
and thanks for your time sir
Hi Rony, yes a feedback can be added to a 4060 based inverter circuit, but a 4060 will require another NPN BJT for inverting the output for the HIN, LIN inputs.
The outputs from the 4060 IC to the HIN, LIN inputs of the H-bridge will not require any resistors, they can be connected directly.
However I think the oscillator using the 4049 IC, as given in the article, is even better since it won’t require an external NPN BJT, and a feedback can also be added to this 4049 circuit.
okay so the 4049 IC is better and i can add feedback for this inverter without any problem?
and if you have a circuit of ic4049 and how add feedback i will be greatfull and hanks for your time
You can configure the feedback in the following manner:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/adding-an-inveter-feedback-to-a-CMOS-based-oscillator-circuit.jpg
hello if i use cd4047 ic instead of cd4049 ic is ok?
i mean cd 4047 is ok like cd4049?
and thanks for your support and help me and other beginers
Yes, that’s a good choice, you can use the two outputs of the 4047 IC to feed the HIN, LIN inputs of the H-bridge IC.
okay sir thanks alot
but for confirm as you know i will add feedback to adjut voltage automatic so it will working well and i should not add another NPN BJT for inverting the output for the HIN, LIN inputs ??
Hi Rony,
you can add the feedback to the 4047 IC in the following manner:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/4047-inverter-feedback-circuit-compressed.jpg
There’s no need of another NPN BJJT for the HIN, LIN inputs, you can directly connect the two outputs from pin#10 and pin#11 of the 4047 IC to feed the HIN, LIN inputs of the H-bridge iCs.
hello sir welcome again and thanks for your great advices
i have told you At the beginning of the conversation((make full h-bridge solar inverter 5kw and i am using irfp460 amd 10 mosfet on each channel all mosfets))
can i use SPW47N60C3 mosfet instead of irfp460 in the circuit??
Rony, The SPW47N60C3 VDS is rated at 650V, so if your inverter output is rated to work with a voltage above 150V and below 400V then this MOSFET will be good, you can use it.
okay sir you answer me with this (Rony, The SPW47N60C3 VDS is rated at 650V, so if your inverter output is rated to work with a voltage above 150V and below 400V then this MOSFET will be good, you can use it.)
if i used solar panals around 450 volatge at open circuit it willl work fine or i will face problem?
i made a reply on old message because thr last messge did not give me option to reply and thanks again
Yes, if your inverter is rated to work between 400V and 500V then the 650V VDS rated MOSFET will be good enough. You can go ahead with it, no problems!
The comment threads can handle a maximum of 10 replies, after 10 replies the reply option will not be available, then you have to create a new thread…
hello i want to ask you sir , i want to make full h-bridge solar inverter 5kw and i am using irfp460 amd 10 mosfet on each channel all mosfets i will use 40 mosfets ….10 on each channel i will use 2 IR2110 ic to drive mosfets to make it full h-bridge i want to ask you it will work 100% duty cycle right and it is okay?
Yes, that will work, but the duty cycle cannot be 100%, it should lower than 50%.
but i need duty cycle be 100% because voltage of solar 400v i need to get full power can you suggest i will use feed back on it
Yes you will get around 100% power output from the inverter output. By 50% duty cycle I mean to say the output from the ICs will 50% ON and 50% OFF, as we have in a square waveform.
okay sir , are you have any video or article can help me to add feedback on this circuit and make frequency 50hz
Sure, for feedback control you can implement the second concept which I have explained in the following article:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/load-independentoutput-corrected/
50 Hz frequency will be controlled by the input oscillator, feeding the square waves to the IR2110 ICs.
Good morning Sir,
Thank you for the reply,
If I add short-circuit protection using comparator lm358 then what will be the value of shunt resistor (current sensing resistor) for 3kw load and the value of vds and IDs of MOSFET for pussing the ground to the circuit ?
Good Morning Rinku,
You can configure the shutdown pin SD of the IC in the following manner:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/adding-an-over-current-shut-down-to-IC-IRS2453.jpg
Remember, this will latch up the circuit, meaning if an over-current is detected the IC will shutdown permanently, until power is switched OFF and ON again.
Good morning Sir,
For the scenario of IRS2453 the high side HO1 &HO2 gives 50 hz square wave and we punching 2khz or higher through LO1 &LO2 ,does this make sign wave as both the high side switch received 50Hz. If we give one high side HO2 with 2kHz and LO1 with 50Hz and vice versa then proper punching happens to create sign wave .plz give insight on this as I have seen esg002 card works on this principle
Sir, my simple question is we are giving only low side spwm signal so does it make signwave properly as my mosfet blasts.plz help
Regards
Rinku
Good Morning Rinku,
Applying SPWM to the high-side MOSFETs, which require bootstrapping for proper operation, could be problematic.
The low-side MOSFETs, however, are simpler to control with SPWM because they connect directly to ground. By controlling the low-side MOSFETs with SPWM, the load current will follow the same pattern.
To make sine wave you just need to chop the low side MOSFETs.
In your design are you following the principles explained in the following article:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/mosfet-protection-basics-explained-is/
If you chop the low side MOSFETs with SPWM the output will also SPWM because the low side is in series with the high side MOSFET.
Remember for iron core transformer the SPWM frequency must not exceed 300Hz.
Dear Sir,
I am using this circuit for transformer less inverter so I have to give 800Hz to 2500Hz spwm signal to the low side MOSFET, Your opinion plz
Rinku, which circuit exactly, please provide the link?
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/sine-wave-transformerless-inverter-circuit.jpg
Please try with low frequency first, 300 Hz from the 555 IC.
And change the 100 ohm gate resistors with 1k.
Make sure you have the 1N4148 diodes connected parallel to all the gate resistors.
Dear Sir,
Is the 1k resistor to be added to all the gates or only lowside gate to be connected with?
Hello Rinku, it is for the low side MOSFETs only.
Please also add 10k resistor directly across the gate/source of all the MOSFETs.
Two half bridge IC using ir2110
yes you can use 22uF/25V for all those capacitors.
Pls what is the value of c1,c3,c5,c7 or can I used a 16v or 25v by 22uf in all
which circuit diagram are you referring to?
Pls if am to power the circuitry of ir2110 with a 24v battery for inverter apart from protecting the MOSFET and the gate are their other things to change or value increase
You do not need any changes for operating the IR2110 inverter with a 24V, just make sure the IC supply pins get the recommended 12V and 5V supplies.
Hi Sir,
Can I use TLP250H OR HCPL3150 as gate driver to protect the IRS2453 FOR both high and low side
Hi Rinku, I don’t think those opto-couplers can be used for the high-side MOSFETs for the above explained full bridge inverters, and moreover, it is simply not required because the above circuits are already well protected from all adverse situations.
Pls my question is about the +5vdd and +12vcc of ir2110 how do I connect the two to 24v battery should I separate the two using two regulator lm7805 and 7812 please this is my earlier questions
Yes, you can do that!
Pls am using 4047ic for my PWM signal for the h bridge, how can I connect +5vdd and +12vcc of ir2110 to my 12v regulator am using one voltage regulator for my 4047ic
If you ae using 12V for the VCC pin of the IR2110, you can use the same 12V for the 4047 IC also, a regulator may not be required. If you want to regulate the 4047 supply, you can do it by supplying the 12V to the 4047 IC through a 1k resistor and then adding a 12V zener diode across the 4047 supply terminals.
How can this circuit be powered by a 24v battery and IC 4047
In the first diagram, you can use +24V DC at the AC rectified line attached with the High side MOSFET drains. Use resistor and a 15V zener diode to drop the voltage the IC VCC supply.
I am looking for a way to drive a piezo device for a hydrophone at 200V P-P bipolar anywhere from 15KHz to 20KHz. My supply voltage is a 3.7V 2500mAh battery. I am looking at your dual IR2110 as a possible candidate but I am desperately trying to keep circuitry size and weight to a minimum. I very much appreciate your generosity of how you are helping folks like me and welcome any and all advice you might be able to afford me. Thank you!
Do you want to convert your 3.7V to 200V, or do you have the 200V separately?
However, the IC IR2110 and the associated MOSFETs might not work correctly with a 3.7V supply.
We make 117.6v battery packs for EV’s. Is it possible to purchase a converter to run a refrigerator during a power outage?
Sorry, we don’t sell electronic items, however you can try building one of the inverter designs suitable for your purpose…I can suggest one if you want.
OK, sounds good. We have some other challenges if you are up to it. One is we need a lightweight remote disconnect for 117.6 DC volts 100 amps that doesn’t use an active coil that stays energized – just 12v switch control on and off. Another is a BMS that can balance and supply current as it is receiving a charging current. Plus a few more.
Regarding the first requirement please elaborate a bit…is the 12V switch supposed to be a remote controlled relay?
Yes
What type of remote control, RF or IR?
Either one that works. By wire is best. The location is out of reach.
By wire will do? Meaning it does not need to be wireless? In that case you simply need to connect a 12 V DC to a 12 V relay with 125 amp contacts, that’s all.
Hello, excellent work, I would like to experiment with the diagram of the square wave inverter (the one with discrete components) and I was wondering if it would be useful to use an H bridge but with IGBTs, taking advantage of the high voltage that these support. Could you tell me if theoretically it would work well or if something should be added to the diagram.
Thanks yeiler, glad you liked the post!
I would suggest you to try the basic design first using mosfets and 12V supply. If it works OK for you then you can upgrade it with high voltage and IGBTs:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/sg3525-3.png