In this post I have explained the construction of a 5000 watt inverter circuit which incorporates a ferrite core transformer and therefore is hugely compact than the conventional iron core counterparts.
Block Diagram
Please note you can convert this ferrite core inverter to any desired wattage, right from 100 watt to 5 kva or as per your own preference.
Understanding the above block diagram is quite simple:
The input DC which could be through a 12V, 24V or 48V battery or solar panel is applied to a ferrite based inverter, which converts it into a high frequency 220V AC output, at around 50 kHz.
But since 50 kHz frequency may not be suitable for our home appliances, we need to convert this high frequency AC into the required 50 Hz / 220V, or 120V AC / 60Hz.
This is implemented through an H-bridge inverter stage, which converts this high frequency into output into the desired 220V AC.
However, for this the H-bridge stage would need a peak value of the 220V RMS, which is around 310V DC.
This is achieved using a bridge rectifier stage, which converts the high frequency 220V into 310 V DC.
Finally, this 310 V DC bus voltage is converted back into 220 V 50 Hz using the H-bridge.
We can also see a 50 Hz oscillator stage powered by the same DC source. This oscillator is actually optional and may be required for H-bridge circuits which do not have its own oscillator. For example if we use a transistor based H-bridge then we may need this oscillator stage to operate the High and low side mosfets accordingly.
UPDATE: You may want to jump directly to the new updated "SIMPLIFIED DESIGN", near the bottom of this article, which explains a one-step technique for obtaining a transformerless 5 kva sine wave output instead of going through a complex two-step process as discussed in the concepts below:
A Simple Ferrite Cote Inverter Design
Before I have explained the 5kva version here's a simpler circuit design for the newcomers. This circuit does not employ any specialized driver IC, rather works with only n-channel MOSFETS, and a bootstrapping stage.
The complete circuit diagram can be witnessed below:
400V, 10 amp MOSFET IRF740 Specifications
In the above simple 12V to 220V AC ferrite inverter circuit we can see a ready made 12V to 310V DC converter module being used. This means you don't have to make a complex ferrite core based transformer. For the new users this design may be very beneficial as they can quickly build this inverter without depending on any complex calculations, and ferrite core selections.
5 kva Design Prerequisites
First you need to find 60V DC power supply for powering the proposed 5kVA inverter circuit. The intention is to design a switching inverter which will convert the DC voltage of 60V to a higher 310V at a lowered current.
The topology followed in this scenario is the push-pull topology which uses transformer on the ratio of 5:18. For voltage regulation which you may need, and the current limit – they are all powered by an input voltage source. Also at the same rate, the inverter expedites the current allowed.
When it comes to an input source of 20A it is possible to get 2 – 5A. However, the peak output voltage of this 5kva inverter is around 310V.
Ferrite Transformer and Mosfet Specifications
In regard to the architecture, Tr1 transformer has 5+5 primary turns and 18 for secondary. For switching, it is possible to use 4+4 MOSFET (IXFH50N20 type (50A, 200V, 45mR, Cg = 4400pF). You are also free to use MOSFET of any voltage with Uds 200V (150V) along with least conductive resistance. The gate resistance used and its efficiency in speed and capacity must be excellent.
The Tr1 ferrite section is constructed around 15x15 mm ferrite c. The L1 inductor is designed using five iron powder rings that may be wound as wires. For inductor core and other associated parts, you can always get it from old inverters (56v/5V) and within their snubber stages.
Using a Full Bridge IC
For integrated circuit the IC IR2153 can be deployed. The outputs of the ICs could be seen buffered with BJT stages. Moreover, due to the large gate capacitance involved it is important to use the buffers in the form of power amplifier complementary pairs, a couple of of BD139 and BD140 NPN / PNP transistors do the job well.
Alternate IC can be SG3525
You may also try to use other control circuits like SG3525. Also, you can alter the voltage of the input and work in direct connection with the mains for testing purpose.
The topology used in this circuit has the facility of galvanic isolation and operating frequency is around 40 kHz. In case if you have planned to use the inverter for a small operation, you don’t cooling, but for longer operation be sure to add a cooling agent using fans or large heatsinks. Most of the power is lost at the output diodes and the Schottky voltage goes low around 0.5V.
The input 60V could be acquired by putting 5 nos of 12V batteries in series, the Ah rating of each battery must be rated at 100 Ah.
High Frequency 330V Stage
The 220V obtained at the output of TR1 in the above 5 kva inverter circuit still cannot be used for operating normal appliances since the AC content would be oscillating at the input 40 kHz frequency.For converting the above 40 kHz 220V AC into 220V 50 Hz or a 120V 60Hz AC, further stages would be required as stated below:
First the 220V 40kHz will need to be rectified/filtered through a bridge rectifier made up of fast recovery diodes rated at around 25 amps 300V and 10uF/400V capacitors.
Converting 330 V DC into 50 Hz 220 V AC
Next, this rectified voltage which would now mount up to around 310V would need to be pulsed at the required 50 or 60 Hz through another full bridge inverter circuit as shown below:
The terminals marked "load" could be now directly used as the final output for operating the desired load.
Here the mosfets could be IRF840 or any equivalent type will do.
How to Wind the Ferrite Transformer TR1
The transformer TR1 is the main device which is responsible for stepping up the voltage to 220V at 5kva, being ferrite cored based it's constructed over a couple of ferrite EE cores as detailed below:
Since the power involved is massive at around 5kvs, the E cores needs to be formidable in size, an E80 type ferrite E-core could be tried.
Remember you may have to incorporate more than 1 E core, may be 2 or 3 E-cores together, placed side by side for accomplishing the massive 5KVA power output from the assembly.
Use the largest one that may be available and wind the 5+5 turns using 10 numbers of 20 SWG super enameled copper wire, in parallel.
After 5 turns, stop the primary winding insulate the layer with an insulating tape and begin the secondary 18 turns over this 5 primary turns. Use 5 strands of 25 SWG super enameled copper in parallel for winding the secondary turns.
Once the 18 turns are complete, terminate it across the output leads of the bobbin, insulate with tape and wind the remaining 5 primary turns over it to complete the ferrite cored TR1 construction. Don't forget to join the end of the first 5 turns with the start of the top 5 turn primary winding.
E-Core Assembly Method
The following diagram gives an idea regarding how more than 1 E-core may be used for implementing the above discussed 5 KVA ferrite inverter transformer design:
E80 Ferrite core
Feedback from Mr. Sherwin Baptista
Dear All,
In the above project for the transformer, i did not use any spacers between the core pieces, the circuit worked well with the trafo cool while in operation. I always preferred an EI core.
I always rewound the trafos as per my calculated data and then used them.
All the more the trafo being an EI core, separating the ferrite pieces were rather easy than doing away with an EE core.
I also tried opening EE core trafos but alas; i ended up breaking the core while separating it.
I never could open an EE core without breaking the core.
As per my findings, few things i would say in conclusion:
---Those power supplies with non-gaped core trafos worked best. (i am describing the trafo from an old atx pc power supply since i used those only. The pc power supplies do not fail that easily unless its a blown capacitor or something else.)---
---Those supplies that had trafos with thin spacers often were discolored and failed quiet early.(This i got to know by experience since till date i bought many second hand power supplies just to study them)---
---The much cheaper power supplies with brands like; CC 12v 5a, 12v 3a ACC12v 3a RPQ 12v 5a all
Such types ferrite trafos had thicker paper pieces between the cores and all failed poorly!!!---
In FINAL the EI35 core trafo worked the best(without keeping air gap) in the above project.
5kva ferrite core inverter circuit preparation details:
Step 1:
- Using 5 Sealed Lead Acid batteries of 12v 10Ah
- Total voltage = 60v Actual voltage
- = 66v fullcharge(13.2v each batt)voltage
- = 69v Trickle level charge voltage.
Step 2:
After calculation of battery voltage we have 66volts at 10 amps when full charged.
- Next comes the supply power to ic2153.
- The 2153 has a maximum of 15.6v ZENER clamp betwen Vcc and Gnd.
- So we use the famous LM317 to supply 13v regulated power to the ic.
Step 3:
The lm317 regulator has the following packages;
- LM317LZ --- 1.2-37v 100ma to-92
- LM317T --- 1.2-37v 1.5amp to-218
- LM317AHV --- 1.2-57v 1.5amp to-220
We use the lm317ahv in which 'A' is the suffix code and 'HV' is the high volt package,
since the above regulator ic can support input voltage of upto 60v and output votage of 57 volts.
Step 4:
- We cannot supply the 66v directly to the lm317ahv package sice its input is maximum of 60v.
- So we employ DIODES to drop the battery voltage to a safe voltage to power the regulator.
- We need to drop about 10v safely from the maximum input of the regulator which is 60v.
- Therefore, 60v-10v=50v
- Now the safe maximum input to the regulator from the diodes should be 50 volts.
Step 5:
- We use the regular 1n4007 diode to drop the battery voltage to 50v,
- Since being a silicon diode the voltage drop of each is about 0.7 volts.
- Now we calculate the required number of diodes we need which would buck the battery voltage to 50 volts.
- battery voltage = 66v
- calc.max input voltage to regulator chip = 50v
- So, 66-50=16v
- Now, 0.7 * ? = 16v
- We divide 16 by 0.7 which is 22.8 i.e., 23.
- So we need to incorporate about 23 diodes since the total drop from these amounts to 16.1v
- Now, the calculated safe input voltage to the regulator is 66v - 16.1v which is 49.9v appxm. 50v
Step 6:
- We supply the 50v to the regulator chip and adjust the output to 13v.
- For more protection, we use ferrite beads to cancel out any unwanted noise on the output voltage.
- The regulator should be mounted on an appopriate sized heatsink in order to keep it cool.
- The tantalum capacitor connected to the 2153 is an important capacitor that makes sure ic gets a smooth dc from the regulator.
- Its value can be reduced from 47uf to 1uf 25v safely.
Step 7:
- Rest of the circuit gets 66volts and the high current carrying points in the circuit should be wired with heavy guage wires.
- For the transformer its primary should be 5+5 turns and secondary 20 turns.
- The frequency of the 2153 should be set at 60KHz.
Step 8:
The High frequency ac to low frequency ac converter circuit using the irs2453d chip should be wired appropriately as shown in the diagram.
Finally completed.
Making a PWM Version
The following posting discusses another version of a 5kva PWM sinewave inverter circuit using compact ferrite core transformer. The idea was requested by Mr. Javeed.
Technical Specifications
Dear sir, would you please modify its output with PWM source and facilitate to make use such an inexpensive and economical design to World wide needy people like us? Hope You will consider my request. Thanking you.Your affectionate reader.
The Design
In the earlier post I introduced a ferrite core based 5kva inverter circuit, but since it is a square wave inverter it cannot be used with the various electronic equipment, and therefore its application may be restricted to only with the resistive loads.
However, the same design could be converted into a PWM equivalent sine wave inverter by injecting a PWM feed into the low side mosfets as shown in the following diagram:
The SD pin of IC IRS2153 is mistakenly shown connected with Ct, please be sure to connect it with the ground line.
Suggestion: the IRS2153 stage could be easily replaced with IC 4047 stage, in case the IRS2153 seems difficult to obtain.
As we can see in the above PWM based 5kva Inverter circuit, the design is exactly similar to our earlier original 5kva inverter circuit, except the indicated PWM buffer feed stage with the low side mosfets of the H-bridge driver stage.
The PWM feed insertion could be acquired through any standard PWM generator circuit using IC 555 or by using transistorized astable multivibrator.
For more accurate PWM replication, one can also opt for a Bubba oscilator PWM generator for sourcing the PWM with the above shown 5kva sinewave inverter design.
The construction procedures for the above design is not different to the original design, the only difference being the integration of the BC547/BC557 BJT buffer stages with the low side mosfets of the full bridge IC stage and the PWM feed into it.
Another Compact Design
A little inspection proves that actually the upper stage does not need to be so complex.
The 310V DC generator circuit could be build using any other alternate oscillator based circuit. An example design is shown below where a half bridge IC IR2155 is employed as the oscillator in a push pull manner.
Again, there's no specific design that may be necessary for the 310V generator stage, you can try any other alternative as per your preference, some common examples being, IC 4047, IC 555, TL494, LM567 etc.
Inductor Details for the above 310V to 220V Ferrite Transformer
Simplified Design
In the above designs so far we have discussed a rather complex transformerless inverter which involved two elaborate steps for getting the final AC mains output. In these steps the battery DC is first needed to be transformed into a 310 V DC through a ferrite core inverter, and then the 310 VDC has to be switched back to 220 V RMS through a 50 Hz full bridge network.
As suggested by one of the avid readers in the comment section (Mr. Ankur), the two-step process is an overkill and is simply not required. Instead, the ferrite core section can itself be modified suitably for getting the required 220 V AC sine wave, and the full bridge MOSFET section can eb eliminated.
The following image shows a simple set up for executing the above explained technique:
In the above design, the right side IC 555 is wired to generate a 50 Hz basic oscillatory signals for the MOSFET switching. We can also see an op amp stage, in which this signal is extracted from the ICs RC timing network in the form of 50 Hz triangle waves and fed to one of its inputs to compare the signal with a fast triangle wave signals from another IC 555 astable circuit. This fast triangle waves can have a frequency of anywhere between 50 kHz to 100 kHz.
The op amp compares the two signals to generate a sine wave equivalent modulated SPWM frequency. This modulated SPWM is fed to the bases of the driver BJTs for switching the MOSFETs at 50 kHz SPWM rate, modulated at 50 Hz.
The MOSFEts in turn, switch the attached ferrite core transformer with the same SPWM modulated frequency to generate the intended pure sinewave output at the secondary of the transformer.
Due to the high frequency switching, this sine wave may be full of unwanted harmonics, which is filtered and smoothed through a 3 uF/400 V capacitor to obtain a reasonably clean AC sine wave output with the desired wattage, depending on the transformer and the battery power specs.
The right side IC 555 which generates the 50 Hz carrier signals can be replaced by any other favorable oscillator IC such as IC 4047 etc
Ferrite Core Inverter Design using Transistor Astable Circuit
The following concept shows how a simple ferrite cored inverter could be built using a couple of ordinary transistor based astable circuit, and a ferrite transformer.
This idea was requested by a few of the dedicated followers of this blog, namely Mr. Rashid, Mr, Sandeep and also by a few more readers.
Circuit Concept
Initially I could not figure out the theory behind these compact inverters which completely eliminated the bulky iron core transformers.
However after some thinking it seems I have succeeded in discovering the very simple principle associated with the functioning of such inverters.
Lately the Chinese compact type inverters have become pretty famous just because of their compact and sleek sizes which make them outstandingly light weight and yet hugely efficient with their power output specs.
Initially I thought the concept to be unfeasible, because according to me the use of tiny ferrite transformers for low frequency inverter application appeared highly impossible.
Inverters for domestic use requires 50/60 Hz and for implementing ferrite transformer we would require very high frequencies, so the idea looked highly complicated.
After some thinking I was amazed and happy to discover a simple idea for implementing the design. Its all about converting the battery voltage to 220 or 120 mains voltage at very high frequency, and switching the output to 50/60 HZ using an push-pull mosfet stage.
How it Works
Looking at the figure we can simply witness and figure out the whole idea. Here the battery voltage is first converted to high frequency PWM pulses.
These pulses are dumped into a step up ferrite transformer having the required appropriate rating. The pulses are applied using a mosfet so that the battery current can be utilized optimally.
The ferrite transformer steps up the voltage to 220V at it output. However since this voltage has a frequency of around 60 to 100kHz, cannot be directly used for operating the domestic appliances and therefore needs further processing.
In the next step this voltage is rectified, filtered and converted to 220V DC. This high voltage DC is finally switched to 50 Hz frequency so that it may be used for operating the household appliances.
Kindly note that though the circuit has been exclusively designed by me, it hasn't been tested practically, make it at your own risk and on;y if you have sufficient confidence over the given explanations.
Circuit Diagram
Parts List for 12V DC to 220V AC compact ferrite core inverter circuit.
- R3---R6 = 470 Ohms
- R9, R10 = 10K,
- R1,R2,C1,C2 = calculate to generate 100kHz freq.
- R7,R8 = 27K
- C3, C4 = 0.47uF
- T1----T4 = BC547,
- T5 = any 30V 20Amp N-channel mosfet,
- T6, T7 = any, 400V, 3 amp mosfet.
- Diodes = fast recovery, high speed type.
- TR1 = primary, 13V, 10amp, secondary = 250-0-250, 3amp. E-core ferrite transformer....ask an expert winder and transformer designer for help.
An improved version of the above design is shown below. The output stage here is optimized for better response and more power.
Improved Version
Sir how Irs2453 voltage feeback work I can’t fine vb pin
Hello Islahuddin,
To add a feedback voltage control to Irs2453 IC, you will need to configure either its CT pin or the SD pin with the feedback transistor or the opamp…..the Vb pin is not required.
Good day sir
I love your work, please how can I get the GERBER PCB FILE OF THE PROJECT
THANKS
Thank you Russell, however, sorry I do not have the GERBER files for this project. I would rather suggest you to try the project on a strip-board first, and test the results, before designing a PCB.
Hello Mr Swagatam how much would it cost to order components from your country to Maseru Lesotho. Most of the components I need to build my projects are not available in my country.
Hi Poloko, sorry, I have no idea how much it would cost to procure parts from India to your country, you may have to inquire this with the part supplier.
Hi there! That is a very interesting circuit that I intend to try soon after locating the elusive high power, adequately sized ferrite transformer. Here clarity is not given for winding the transformer for running the unit off 24v (2X12/150A, a very common battery combination in many households.) as this info wasn’t available although it was suggested. One suggestion worth examining is that you’ve used a high wattage resistor to create 15v to power the low voltage section from high voltage Dc. A more elegant solution is to use a common 12v wall adaptor that are used in many applications can be taken apart and the Hi voltage Dc can be connected across the Hv Filter cap that is on the unit. The 12v Dc output can now be connected instead of the previous arrangement although 15v is suggested I feel it should be satisfactory or a 15v adaptor could be used. This is more efficient and will give out much less heat also.
Hi, thanks for the feedback!
A 24V DC would call for a huge amount of current from the transformer and the battery. To be precise we would need around 5000/24 = 208 amps, that is why 60V source is selected to minimize the current spec as far as possible.
The article provides the transformer details for a 60 V ferrite transformer.
Yes, the 12V or 15V DC can be obtained from an SMPS source or from a buck converter circuit such as the following design:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/simple-220v-smps-buck-converter-circuit/
Hello how r u
I want to know that transformerless 5 kva circuit will work satisfy or just for ..
It will work satisfactorily if you build it correctly.
Block diagram and its function
Thank you very much for the kind information, appreciate it.
Hi Seagatam,,,I built a tl494 circuit,,,I made use of z44,,,,,but they keep getting hot with or without load
Hi Md, read the following article, and try implementing them as required:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/mosfet-protection-basics-explained-is/
IN IRS2453 CIRCUIT FOR 50HZ WHAT IS RT AND CT
Rt is the timing resistor and Ct is the timing capacitor, these parts determine the output frequency.
Rt,100k ρυθμιζόμενο ct100n ,όλα εντάξει αλλά τα ,hz παρά πολλά.
Your detailed step by step teaching is awesome and simply top notch! Keep up the good work!
I will need your advice on two things
1. Need to purchase a low power variable single phase high frequency AC supply. Can you recommend one for me please?
2. I need already built inverters with the high frequency intermediate state as shown in your design. I need your recommendation please.
Kind Regards
Hi, Thank you and Glad you liked the post!
Sorry to say this, but since I have not used any readymade VFD or inverter so suggesting a specific brand may not be possible for me.
Thanks very much Swagatam. I really do appreciate your sacrifice of time. Please I will need your support to deliver on this project. even if it is for a fee. You have my email address, do message me privately please.
You are welcome Achor! I above circuit is recommended only for the experts in electronics, not for the newcomers. If yu are well versed with electronic circuits and ferrite inverters then you can try this circuit.
Thanks very much. With respect to the 5Kva system , on no load condition, please what amount of power loss do we incur on the ferrite core with the high frequency(50-100khz) input supply?
I am not exactly sure about it, but the efficiency should be around 90% for the above designs without a load or with load.
OK, thanks very much. That gives one an idea of the power loss.
Kind Regards
No problem!
Thanks a lot Swagatam for your good works. I’ll appreciate if you can give me a circuit to convert my 110 VAC 5kva Colman inverter to 220 VAC. And I’ll also like to get a circuit design for 12 VDC car battery charger. Thanks once again.
phanyessence@gmail.com
Thank you Epiphany,
You will need an external 100V to 220V transformer for converting your 110V to 220V.
For the battery charger you can investigate the circuits provided in the following articles:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/opamp-low-high-battery-charger/
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/high-current-10-to-20-amp-automatic/
Good details…i like your work..I am interested in making an altenator using microwave transformers iron core,by welding them in multiple together to form three octagons from those cores and join them together, then winding as many turn of copper as possible to produce lets assume around 310v with frequency higher than 50/60hz as the rpm of neodymium magnet inside the core shall be aim high to increase the output….then rectify it to high Vdc…and then inverting it to 220v ac at 50hz…Asking for any assistance and guidance to best approach ….thanks
Thank you for your question. Please let me know what help exactly you need from me, if it is possible I will surely try to solve it for you.
Swagatan, well-done and thank you for your services and contributions to the spread of knowledge in electronics. I was designing a 3KVA inverter using SG3524 as PWM pulse generator and 2N7000 for the driver stage. I discovered that the biasing resistor one side of the driver stage was always getting hot. Initially I used 1/4watt resistor and later changed it to1/2watt resistor but the result was still the same. Kindly advise me on what to do. Thank you.
Thank you Oyekan,
That is very strange because 2N7000 is a MOSFET and MOSFETs have a high gate impedance, which means the bias resistor connected with the gate have negligible flow of current through it.
It seems your MOSfET is burned or faulty, otherwise the gate should provide a high impedance to the resistor and it shouldn’t become hot under any circumstances.
Try replacing the MOSFET with some other mosfet and check the response.
a narrow width and a large width when passed through photochromic retainers, while passing through ferritic transformers do not retain the essence, so the project using ferrite transformers will not be successful because when smoothing it doesn’t produce a sine wave
đã ai thử thành công biến tần ferít chuyền trực tiếp sin pwm qua biến áp sung ra 220v sin cho mình tham khảo với. Mình đang muốn áp dụng đối với biến tần hòa lưới.xin chân thành cám ơn
bạn có thể chạy giả lập mạch biến tần ferit xem có hoạt động được không. dang tín hiệu sau khi làm mịn có thành sóng sin thuần túy không cám ơn bạn nhiều mọi người rất quan tâm điều này
Can you design a grid-tied inverter using arduino, won’t it help people to make their own small-capacity grid-tied inverter at a reasonable price, thank you very much
Sorry, My Arduino knowledge is not good, so it won’t be possible for me to provide the mentioned design
Can you tell me if the inverter uses a ferrite transformer to produce a sine modulation using a 3 mf loc capacitor to flatten out to 50hz is it possible. I can apply this to the grid-tied inverter IC 555 on the right, replace it with 50hz of grid power, ic 555 on the left, create 50khz and mix with 50hz to produce sine pwm to put into load-coupled power through the ferrite transformer
No, none of the above circuits uses a capacitor to flatten the 50 Hz….but if you want you can try it.
mình thấy có mạch này https://www.homemade-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/simple-ferrite-core-inverter.jpg
It is supposed to be a pure sine wave inverter, therefore the output capacitor is placed to smooth the SPWM into pure sine wave.
I made a post but I did not see it, anyway I have a different perception. I need some insight on the following design. I plan to connect 12, 48v solar panels in series which is 576VDC max. Therefore, I want to design an inverter with 600v input. A pure sine wave might not be that important because it will only be feeding resistive loads. Meaning water heaters, hot plates, solder irons, stoves etc. I can convert the AC output to my desire. I can place a sensing circuit to turn off when the power drops certain value. I will not use a battery backup, therefore, this is a standalone unit. It should shut off or turn on as the power drops to a certain threshold or when the sun rises the the next day. If 2, 300v inverters are better with 6 panels in series, please recommend that design.
Since resistive load is involved you can drive them easily DC supply also, why do you need an AC inverter? If you connect the 576V DC to the load they would still operate.
Thank you for your reply. Can you explain how can I connect the 576VDC to a hot water heater that uses 240VAC. I will connect 6 panels each in series, therefore, I will have two 288VDC and 8amps per phase. I am afraid that is too high for equipment that uses 120VAC per phase. I believe that I will not need a voltage sensing circuit, because the equipment will cool down when the power drops. Do you think that a restive load with low voltage or low current can harm a circuit. A circuit that reduces the voltage to a manageable level is the only device I might need.
You can reduce the number of series solar panels so that the DC becomes around 260 V for the heater. You can make some arrangement through which you can quickly adjust the number of panels in series or parallel to suit a particular device.
To reduce voltage you can try adding the following simple shunt regulator circuit
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/solar-panel-shunt.jpg
Thanks a million my brother, I finally have a plan to provide free energy to my relatives. In a couple of years, I plan to install an inverter to provide a clean sine wave. I will observe how this system work before I do any changes, anyway from me and my relatives, we appreciate your expertise.
I am glad you found my suggestions useful. I wish you all the best with your project!
I tested it with a 3-phase H-bridge because the motor is 3-phase AC . I will test next week with a single phase H-bridge . It would be great if I got +/- 12 V, ie V (p-p) = 24V from DC 12 V, I would basically have a voltage doubling. I am interested in getting 400 V DC from 100 V DC, so 2 H-bridge and filtering rectifier circuits would be enough, which is much simpler than that transformer. I want to thank you for your time and I will let you know the progress of the tests next week. Have a wonderful day !
For a 3 phase driver the case is different, and it will require 620 V peak as suggested by you in your earlier comments. It is because normally we use 440V RMS for a 3 phase load.
Presently I cannot figure out how 400V can be achieved from a 100V supply through a H bridge circuits…let’s hope it works.
I wish you all the best!
Congratulations on your impressive work ! However, after 7 years since you published the project, someone tells you that you made wrong calculations, it seems that no one has practically made this design. From the 310 V DC voltage you cannot get an AC voltage of 220 V but only 110 V with the H-bridge. You need 620 V DC to get 220 V AC. You can get 620 V DC from 220 V AC with a simple scheme with 2 diodes and 2 capacitors. If I manage to make the transformer, I want to make the part of 330V DC .
P.S. The same error is true for other H-bridge inverter schemes.
Congratulations, you are partially correct. For a square wave generator the output will be 115V from a 310V DC but if the H bridge is SPWM sine wave, then the output will be 220V from 310V DC
Actually NO….the AC output for a square wave will be equal to its peak value….in H bridge for a 310V DC, the output will also be 310 V AC.
I am also an electronics engineer since 1990 but I work in the IT field, electronics being a hobby. Recently I decided to make a VFD circuit to control an AC motor and I studied the theory again, when I found out that I need 650 V DC to get 230 V AC and I said wow, it can’t be possible … I can’t attach images that would be suggestive but we have this: the AC mains voltage has V(rms) 230V (for me), the peak voltage V(pk) = 325 V and the peak to peak voltage V(p-p) = 650 V. The V(p-p) voltage produced by the H-bridge cannot exceed the voltage V(p-p) from the power supply, so if V(p-p) = 310V then, after the H-bridge, we will have V(p-p) = 310V (maximum, real 300 V or less) , V(pk) = 155 V and V(rms) = V(pk)/1,414 = 110 V (sine) or V(rms) = V(pk) = 155V (rectangular). I wish I was wrong, but ….
I am afraid you are wrong. I don’t know what results you got from your VFD experiment, I just want to explain in a very simple term.
How does the H bridge function?
It simply switches the 310V DC supply alternately to the load. Meaning for one positive cycle the load gets the 310V DC, and for the next cycle the load gets -310V DC. So at any instant the load is getting the fully 310V DC, this means the peak and the RMS are both 310V for the load.
The 1.41 value does not apply for square wave AC, it applies only for sinusoidal wave AC.
Just rectify the output from the H-bridge through a bridge rectifier and check the voltage on a meter, that will tell you what RMS exactly are you feeding to the load.
I have already tested this with a 12V powered H-bridge and an oscilloscope. I invite you to do this. We’re not talking about a charge pump.
P.S. I wrote above: sine wave (sine) – 110 V and rectangular wave – 155 V.
Your scope may be giving wrong results, or your H bridge may be faulty….it is straightforward calculation….no scope is required. You must investigate why you are getting this result for a single phase H bridge??
for a 310V Dc bus, A Single phase H-bridge will produce 310V DC on one direction and then 310V DC on the other direction to create one positive half cycle of 310V peak and a negative half cycle of 310V peak, there’s nothing complicated in that.
The H bridge will not cancel or terminate any part of the DC for a square wave output….for sinewave some portion of the DC will be cancelled or chopped of that is why we have to consider the 1.41 factor.
650v để ra 220v soay chiều thì phải dùng mạch nửa cầu h không phải toàn cầu h điện áp lấy ra ở giữa 2 tụ và giữ nửa cầu h
sir,the third circuit with two 555timer and a ferrite transformer at the output,my question is can that work for domestic appliances because,to me ferrite core works at high frequence to turn on.or how can they work with home appliances at just single stage?please sir,i want to be clear with this.looking forward to your quick answer
Eniola, if you build everything correctly, then this circuit can be used for any electronic domestic appliance. The 555 circuit is a 50Hz circuit…with 20kHz PWM…so it will ultimately produce 50 Hz at the output
Okay, also the ferrite transformer will be calculated at what Khz? when calculating the turns ratio.
The frequency of the fast triangle waves which is fed to one of the op amp inputs
Please sir i need further explanation on ready made 12v to 310v to 5kv please thank you.
sir, thank you for the lecture .I don’t know what to do my 5kva 48 inverter when connected its will be working normal all of the sudden the out put voltage will just go up and burn some light what should I do to rectify it. Thanks
Isaiah, I think it may be due to malfunctioning of the feedback control, which may not be regulating the output voltage correctly. Or may be the there’s no feedback control present in your inverter…
hey how do you calculate the transformer for the first circuit with h bridge at the output? I mean by the some core information or inductance of the windings
Sorry I do not have the inductance value for the winding, I only have the number of turns, as mentioned in the article.
Good schematics dear swagatam
Isn’t it easier to put 19 12 V batteries in series to add up to 228 V and put them in the oscillator that creates the 50 or 60 Hz frequency? You protect the whole installation with automatic fuses and you have as many kw as you want.
That is what we usually do in most high voltage inverters, however, maintaining 19 numbers of batteries may not be easy.
Please sir how can I increase the power of my inverter up to 10000 watts
by upgrading the transformer, mosfets and the battery accordingly.
Hello sir khalid here how are you sir hope you well our prays with you. Sir i need help sir i change the winding of ferrite transformer i am using 3+3 EE80 cores now i am getting 145dc from from output and the frequency is 450khz before there zero volt and frequency was very as i said i am using 10k pot the frequency not decresing it is in last point still it can be incresed but not decreasing to get 50 htz what modification required with ic to get 50htz please need help sir.and now the transformer is giving output sir thankyou very much you are my teacher sir please reply i will try to get success by your help please waiting for your reply i will back with result thaks sir plesae take care.
Hello Khalid, the frequency of the first SMPS should be below 100 kHz, 450kHz is very high.
I think you should try the 555 IC version instead, which is much easier and will fulfill the same results:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/simple-ferrite-core-inverter.jpg
Hello sir thank you very much for teply sir the osdilater is working its giving from 890.5 to 990 .5 kilo htz i checked with digital multimeter it has frequency reading option. Before joing the circuits all i was checked seperately it was working then i was joined together . Now i checked osdilater is working. The winding i did on bobbin i made by hand with plastic sheet.the voltages going but output not coming from transformer so we have to make another winding or what .please reply sir i am waiting your help thank you very much for your help and cooperation i will be back with result. Please take care .khalid.
Hello Khalid, 990kHz looks very high, almost 1MHz, I don’t think the IC is configured too produce this much frequency. It should not be more than 100 kHz. In the article it is clearly written the max frequency as 40 kHz, You should read the article fully for understanding its working.
Hand winding will not do, it should wound with machine and with great accuracy. The e-cores must have a paper gap between the edges. Please get it done from a professional transformer winder
As I cautioned you earlier this circuit is for people who are well versed with the basics of SMPS, it is not recommended for a newcomer.
If you are new to this, you must first try smaller SMPS circuits and study their working by experimenting with their transformer winding and the effect of frequencies on the number of turns.
Hello sir khalid here how are you sir i did the 5kva above reffering to 60v i got ferrite cores and i did it complete as it is in the drawing and for testing i used 14 o 14 v transformer it is 28 i used 4 diodes and 2500 uf capacitir after capacitor it is showing 40 volts and i am also using 22 diodes to reduce volt from 60 to 50 because i am using 317 ic to supply 12v to ic irs2453 after testing sucessfully i will use 60v supply but now i am using transfoer 28v so i adjust the supply to 12v for ic irs2453 its ok and also i am using same 12v to transisters pwm insertion which is plus 15 mark is there . Now every thing is good but the ferrite transformer is not giving outputi remove the connection from 30 amps diode and checked no output but another with centre tap i gave the supply ot is showing 40v but no output the tonnes and guage and strands i make all as you said 5+5 and 18 but no output what will be problem and the supply to pwm insertion transister with same 12v with ic irs2453 i connected so is this good or we have to connect different 12v. And the transformer i have change the again or what .please reply me about this two problems. Thank you very much for your help. And take care. I will be back .
Hello Khalid, solving a ferrite core SMPS problem can be very difficult without checking the circuit practically. So I cannot troubleshoot it correctly from here.
There are few basic things that must be checked.
Is your oscillator circuit oscillating correctly, and with what frequency?
Is the ferrite transformer correctly wound with a small gap between the ferrite core edges?
Are the MOSFETs conducting optimally?
So basically you must check all the stages for ensuring that they are working with perfection.
You must also have an ammeter connected with the supply to check if the current consumption to circuit is getting affected.
Even with a slight mistake your MOSFETs can blow and create more confusions.