In this article I will comprehensively discuss 7 accurate RC square wave oscillator circuits with 50% duty cycle, by appropriately configuring the gates from various CMOS ICs such as 4001, 4011, 4093, 4046, 4047, 4016, 4060 etc. and also using op amps. Definition The square wave oscillators included in this article can be defined as […]
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Line Laser Controlled Motor Alignment Circuit
In this post I have explained a simple line laser controlled motor driver circuit, which works by responding to a precision horizontal laser line, generated from a line laser level device, and automatically adjusts the alignment of the connected tool or the job work with extreme perfection and accuracy. What is Line Laser The line […]
How an Autotransformer Works – How to Make
An autotransformer is an electrical transformer which consists of only a single, continuous, non-isolated winding, with tapped terminals across various points of the winding. The winding section between the taps that correspond to the mains AC is applied with the mains AC supply, while the remaining taps are used for getting the desired output voltages, […]
What is IGBT: Working, Switching Characteristics, SOA, Gate Resistor, Formulas
IGBT stands for Insulated-gate-Bipolar-Transistor, a power semiconductor which includes the features of a MOSFET’s high speed, voltage dependent gate switching, and the minimal ON resistance (low saturation voltage) properties of a BJT. Figure 1 exhibits IGBT equivalent circuit, where a bipolar transistor works with a MOS gate architect, while the similar IGBT circuit is actually […]
Motion Detector Circuit using Doppler Effect
The motion sensor circuit explained in the article works by using doppler shift principle, in which the moving target is detected through the continuously varying frequency, reflected from the moving object. What is Doppler Effect One very fascinating feature of sound is the Doppler effect. The Doppler effect happens when the source that is producing […]
4 Efficient PWM Amplifier Circuits Explained
Audio amplifiers which are designed to amplify an analogue audio signal through pulse width modulation or PWM processing and with adjustable duty cycle is known by many names including digital amplifier, Class-D amplifier, switched amplifier and PWM amplifier. (Article Contributed by: Ritu khanna) Because it can perform at high efficiencies, a Class-D amplifier has become […]