In this post I have explained how to make a 3 phase inverter circuit which can be used in conjunction with any ordinary single phase square wave inverter circuit. The circuit was requested by one of the interested readers of this blog.
UPDATE: Looking for an Arduino based design? You may find this one useful:
The Circuit Concept
A 3 phase load can be operated from a single phase inverter by employing the following explained circuit stages.
Basically the involved stages can be divided into three groups:
- The PWM generator circuit
- The 3 phase signal generator circuit
- The mosfet driver circuit
The first diagram below shows the PWM generator stage, it may be understood with the following points:
The Oscillator and the PWM Stage
The IC 4047 is wired as a standard flip flop output generator at the rate of the desired mains frequency set by VR1 and C1.
The dimensioned push-pull PWM now becomes available at the E/C junction of the two BC547 transistors.
This PWM is applied to the input of the 3 phase generator explained in the next section.
The following circuit shows a simple three phase generator circuit which converters the above input push-pull signal into 3 discrete outputs, phase shifted by 120 degrees.
These outputs are further bifurcated by individual push-pull stages made from a NOT gates stages. These 3 discrete 120 degree phase shifted, push pull PWMs now become the feeding input signals (HIN, LIN) for the final 3 phase driver stage I have explained below.
This signal generator uses a single 12V supply and not a dual supply.
Complete explanation can be found in this 3 phase signal generator article
The circuit below shows a 3 phase inverter inverter circuit stage using H-bridge mosfets configuration which receives the phase shifted PWMs from the above stage and converts them into corresponding high voltage AC outputs for operating the connected 3 phase load, normally this would be a 3 phase motor.
The 330 high voltage across the indivdual mosfet drivers sections is obtained from any standard single phase inverter integrated across the shown mosfets drains for powering the desired 3 phase load.
The 3-Phase Full-Bridge Driver Stage
In the above 3 phase generator circuit (second last diagram) using a sine wave doesn't make sense because the 4049 would ultimately convert it into square waves, and moreover the driver ICs in the last design employ digital ICs which will not respond to sine waves.
Therefore a better idea is to use a 3 phase square wave signal generator for feeding the last driver stage.
You may refer the article which explains how to make a 3 phase solar inverter circuit for understanding the 3 phase signal generator stage functioning and implementation details.
Using IC IR2103
A relatively simpler version of the above 3 phase inverter circuit can be studied below, using the IC IR2103 half bridge driver ICS. This version lacks the shut down feature, therefore if you do not wish to incorporate the shut down feature, you can try the following simpler design.
Simplifying the Above Designs
In the above explained 3-phase inverter circuit, the 3-phase generator stage looks unnecessarily complex, and therefore I decided to look for an alternative easier option for replacing this specific section.
After some searching I found the following interesting 3 phase generator circuit which looks pretty easy and and straightforward with its settings.
Therefore now you can simply replace the earlier explained IC 4047 and the opamp section entirely and integrate this design with HIN, LIN inputs f the 3 phase driver circuit.
But remember you will have to still use the N1----N6 gates between this new circuit and the full bridge driver circuit.
Making a Solar 3 Phase Inverter Circuit
So far we have learned how to make a basic 3 phase inverter circuit, now we'll see how a solar inverter with a 3 phase output can be built using very ordinary ICs and passive components.
The concept is basically the same, I have just changed the 3 phase generator stage for the application.
Inverter Basic Requirement
For acquiring a 3 phase AC output from any single phase or a DC source we would require three fundamental circuit stages:
- A 3 phase generator or processor circuit
- A 3 phase driver power stage circuit.
- A boost converter circuit
- Solar Panel (appropriately Rated)
To learn how to match a solar panel with battery and inverter, you can read the following tutorial:
Calculate solar Panels for Inverters
One good example may be studied in this article which explains a simple 3 phase inverter circuit
In the present design we too incorporate these three basic stages, let's first learn regarding the 3 phase generator processor circuit from the following discussion:
How it Works
The diagram above shows the basic processor circuit which looks complex but actually it's not. The circuit is made up of three sections, the IC 555 which determines the 3 phase frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz), the IC 4035 which splits the frequency into the required 3 phases separated by a phase angle of 120 degrees.
R1, R2 and C must be appropriately selected for acquiring a 50 Hz or 60 Hz frequency at 50% duty cycle.
8 numbers NOT gates from N3 to N8 can be seen incorporated simply for splitting the generated three phases into pairs of high and low logic outputs.
These NOT gates may be acquired from two 4049 ICs.
These pairs of high and low outputs across the shown NOT gates become essential for feeding our next 3 phase driver power stage.
The following explanation details the solar 3 phase power mosfet driver circuit
Note: The shut down pin must be connected to the ground line if not used, otherwise the circuit will not work
As may be seen in the above figure, this section is built across 3 separate half bridge driver ICs using IRS2608 which are specialized for driving high side and low side mosfet pairs.
The configuration looks quite straightforward, thanks to this highly sophisticated driver IC from International rectifier.
Each IC stage has its own HIN (high In) and LIN (low In) input pins and also their respective supply Vcc/ground pins.
All the Vcc are required to be joined together and connected with the 12V supply line of the first circuit (pin4/8 of IC555), so that all the circuit stages become accessible to the 12V supply derived from the solar panel.
Similarly all the ground pins and lines must be made into a common rail.
The HIN and LIN should be joined with the outputs generated from the NOT gates as specified in the second diagram.
The above arrangement takes care of the 3 phase processing and amplification, however since the 3 phase output should be at the mains level and a solar panel could be rated at a maximum of 60V, we must have an arrangement that would enable boosting this low 60 volts solar panel to the required 220V or 120V level.
Using IC 555 Based Flyback Buck/Boost Converter
This can be easily implemented through a simple 555 IC based boost converter circuit as may be studied below:
Again, the shown configuration of the 60V to 220V boost converter looks not so difficult, and can be constructed using very ordinary components.
The IC 555 is configured as an astable with a frequency of approximately 20 to 50 kHz. This frequency is fed to the gate of a switching mosfet via a push pull BJT stage.
The heart of the boost circuit is formed with the help of a compact ferrite core transformer which receives the driving frequency from the mosfet and converter the 60V input into the required 220V output.
This 220V DC is finally attached with the previously explained mosfet driver stage across the drains of the 3 phase mosfets for achieving the 220V 3 phase output.
The boost converter transformer can be built on any suitable EE core/bobbin assembly using 1mm 50 turns primary (two 0.5mm bifilar magnet wire in parallel), and secondary using o.5 mm magnet wire with 200 turns
sir pl provide your email id….i send my Doc file…
Sir i have using op amp for compare to sine wave and triangular wave…and than gate pluse are in mosfet circuit….and than V/F ratio find and load is motor joint…
so pl help me
Hi Bhayva, you can send it to
homemadecircuits
@ gmail.com
hello sir SPWM my project and load is 1 phase motor and 3 phase motor…..
and project is Analog base so pl help me this project
Hello Bhavya, you can try the concept which is explained in the above article, for the 3 phase generator you can use the last circuit using 3 opamps…if you have any specific questions you can feel free to ask them through comments.
Thanks tonn my pleasure i'll hope you'll post soon gipn3h60 three phase diagram
sure! you will see published very soon, please keep checking back!!
Thnks sir for this circuit ..
Respected sir .
Pls so components values .as capacitor c1 R etc.. and where connect the terminal SD(shut down) pls reply as soon as..
Thnks and regards
Thanks sir for this circuit..
Respected sir..
Sir pls show the values of components As c1 , R etc and where connect the terminal SD(shut down) pls reply as soon as.
Thanks and regards
Bhaskar,
you can use the second design from the following article for making the 3 phase signal generator, because using the 4047 and opamps looks unnecesarily complex
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2016/12/3-phase-solar-submersible-pump-inverter.html
Bhaskar, The above explained 4047 IC and opamp based 3 phase generator circuit looks unnecessarily complex, instead you can use the second design which is shown in the following article
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2016/12/3-phase-solar-submersible-pump-inverter.html
Dear sir thank you for your great service and let me know please how to use GIPN3H60 FOR THIS CIRCUIT can you post here or my email mptmsr@gmail.com its i found form barrier gate need to repair forward/rev
It's my pleasure Pathmasiri, that looks like a beautiful and very simple to implement IC, I'll definitely introduce this chip in my website soon, through a new article.
By the way you just have to apply an alternating 3 phase signal across the shown LIN HIN inputs of the IC, exactly as explained in the above article…..and you can get the results by directly connecting your motor across the shown outputs since it already incorporates built in mosfets.
hi how are u?
i want to make 3phase inverter by avr. my question is how many spwm signal i need? 3 or 6?
sorry, for an AVR I cannot suggest since I have no idea how you would be coding it…
Thank you sir for your valuable information
Sir is there any options to get modified sine wave by injecting pwm pulses?
Athri, it is possible, you can inject the pwm to the low side mosfet gates for modifying the output…
Thank you sir for your information.
But Which capacitor shall I use and what should be it's rated voltage?
you can try 0.22uF/600V, and also try other higher or lower values and check which one gives the best results
Sir since it is square wave,can we run a submersible three phase borewell pump safely?
Athri, it might create some noise, but that can be corrected by adding a capacitor across each of the wires and the "earthing" line.
Im extremely thankful to u for sharing this over internet.. This ws very helpful for me to do my studies.. I have few doubts regarding this. Is it possible to change the duty ratio and the switching frequency as per our requirement? If yes can u plz explain in simple words? Thankyou
thank you, it is possible to inject PWM in the low side mosfet gates as indicated in the following example article:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2016/12/diesel-generator-rpm-controller-circuit.html
SIR I WANT TO DEGINE 3PHASE INVERTER FOR 24 VOLT , 0.5 HP BLDC CAN YOU TELL ME COMPONENTS LIST
Hi Swagatam,
Thank you for your efforts!!
I would like to ask if there are any PCB designs for these circuits?
thanks Nikos, sorry I did not design the PCB for this.
Hi dear can i use sg3525a for generating pwm?thanks
yes that's possible!!
HI.
i want to make three-phase inverter with output : 115v 400hz and input :28 vdc
can you help to to do this? what is the circuit?
You will need to boost the 28V to 150VDC and then feed to the mosfet drains as indicated in the above article.
the diagrams shown at the lower section of the article are all new updated diagrams….
sir i cannot find the updated version of the above topic. where is it?
sir, i'm making a three phase inverter. So far I have made a simple gate driver circuit and I can switch each individual IGBT perfectly. But while making three legs of the inverter how should I connect them. Should I use bootstrap capacitor?
Amit, you will have to make an ordinary single phase inverter, then rectify its 330V AC to 330V DC and use it with the full bridge circuit for getting the required three phase output….the 3 phase from the mosfet/IGBT bridge can be directly used for operating the 3 phase load
Can you tell me the range of this circuit
Hello Sir,
Can I please get the simulation file of the 3-phase inverter ?
Hello Sir,
I was hoping to use this circuit power a 3phase 240vac motor from 12vdc. Will this circuit work for me? What sort of modifications will I need to make to change it from 330v to 240v?
Thank you for this guide, Super helpful.
Hello Jacob, the 12V can e used only for powering the IC, the motor voltage will need to be 220V in your case. which must be supplied at the drains of the mosfets. No other changes would be required
Thank you for your reply.
Can I use an Arduino instead of the IC you describe?
yes you can
Hello Sir,
What IC use for last circuit.
Hello Raj, It's IR2103 each
i thought the second to the last circuit is IR2110 which is 14pin DIP each, but now you said its IR2103 which is 8pin DIP, why
both have similar specs as far driving mosfet is concerned, but IR2110 has extra features in the form of a shut down pinout and current limiting pinout
so which one do you recommend among the two
depends whether you want to use those extra control features or not?
dear sir
since i have put all the components to circuit but i am not getting the o/p as 12v y please suggest me wat values of components if put i would get 12v.
Hello Neha,
which circuit stage are you referring to? You'll need to go stage-wise and confirm the stages separately before connecting them together.
If you are finding the opamp 3-phase generator stage difficult, then you can try the following easier option:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2014/12/3-phase-signal-generator-using.html
I have td310 can I use it as IGBT driver. can you help me with circuit diagram.
yes you can use it, the diagram is given in the datasheet of the IC
http://www.st.com/st-web-ui/static/active/en/resource/technical/document/datasheet/CD00000988.pdf
refer to page 6 for the complete circuit diagram.
plese give me all the values of these circuit.plz.. its my project
you can refer to this article for all the details:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2015/04/solar-3-phase-inverter-circuit.html
Sir, If I need 3 phase inverter with 100Hz to the motor, how much the frequency input of my inverter?, I can imagine only if push pull inverter the input is 2X then output, isn't it?, thanks in advanced.
Ronald, which circuit are referring to? if it's the 4047 circuit above, then it should be 100Hz for your application.
sir, i didn't get your email address.
it's given in the "contact" page.
OK you can see it below:
admin@162.240.8.81
Please sir
Where do I connect shutdown pin to??
shut down pin can be left unconnected, it must be used only if an automatic output correction is required or for any similar protection switching.
Hello sir,
in order to perform the three phase to 2 phase conversion by d-q transformation. then how it will be implemented in hardware. please do the needful. Can you provide me your email id??
Hello Neeta, I can't produce the calculation for the proposed circuit, since the design is a square wave inverter and the stages are all digital I don't think the dqo transformation would be relevant, even if it is so I have no idea how to do it for the presented design.
my email can be found in the contact page, at the top
I am working on 3 phase inverter I have simulated above circuit in proteus.
i gave sine wave as input to lm 324 accordingly i get 3 phase voltage but when this output i given to ic4049 i didnt get any output.
try the 3 phase generator stage that's discussed in the following article:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2015/04/solar-3-phase-inverter-circuit.html
the first diagram
Dear Sir,
Can only LM555 be used for PWM instead of 4047 at all. is the output of 4047 in sine form or square waves.
Dear Debu, yes IC 555 can be used instead of the shown 4047…good suggestion thanks!
4047 has a square wave output
Sir ow we convert 555 square output to Sine Wave
Muhammad, you can do it by inducing high frequency PWMs on the gates of the mosfets, please refer to the following article for more info:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2013/04/how-to-modify-square-wave-inverter-into.html
Hello sir I've foud your post ver6 useful to me but a little confused you'd used 555 timer with first 4047 but in after corection you didn't add 555 timer…..why……thank again for such useful post
Thank you Muhammad, the 555 IC stage is for inserting PWM into the inverter in order to make the waveforms modified sine waves,
I did not include it in the revised diagram just to keep it simple, you can add it if you want across the HIN, LIN inputs of the driver IC.
Hello sir, do I need to connect more IGBTs or MOSFET in paralel to have more wattage To drive 6kw rated Motor??
yes, more devices in parallel would yield more equivalent power
Thank you very much sir.
you are welcome!!
Hi sir, pls help me with the name of the IC in the driver circuit.
Hi Ambrose,
It's IR2103
Pls what is the IC name of the Driver Circuit???
And value of R1 and P1
Hi sir… I want to convert single phase 240v to 3 phase to drive half HP AC induction motor.. On which point i have to make changes
Hi Sagar, for your application you just have to use the last and the second last circuits, however the output will not be a sine wave, rather a square wave.
Can this circuits be modified to control a brushless 12 v motor
yes it can be, you can refer to the following article for more info:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/2014/12/simple-3-phase-brushless-bldc-motor.html
hi sir,
i am going to do project under power electronics.i have to design 3-phase inverter.do i have to use IGBT driver for the circuit to work.
Hi senthil, yes using IGBTs will give better results and is recommended for a 3 phase inverter project
Can i use this circuit from 12 volt battery
yes will do…
Hello sir I want to design an 3ph inverter circuit using mosfet, so can you tell me what are the components specification for building this circuit .
Regards.
hello Arindam, you can go through the above published article for the details.
With the value of a few component i'm lost:
1). R1, P1 from the square wave generator?
2). rectifier bridge used for the supply of the motor
3). the driver transistors
Thanks
1) R1 and P1 will need to be determined by experimenting as per the desired output frequency.
2) rectifier diode current will depend on the amp specs of the motor.
3) you can use IRF840 for the mosfets.
https://www.dropbox.com/s/s59b0k3pkwlv8sp/3%2Bphase%2Bdriver%2Bsignal.png
did you make the circuit exactly as it's shown?
https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzY3XDOhN0DWREswREtVQVJQalE/edit?usp=docslist_api
Watch This And Give me Answer For This Question
link is not opening, make the share option to "public"
I HAVE PROBLEM WITH A3(LM324)..
No Voltage on Gate 3….Output 0 Voltage with No Frequency…
On Gate 2- Voltage 6.56 with 50Hz
On Gate 4- Voltage -6.70 with 50Hz…
How can I solve This…..Advance Thnx
check input pin voltages of A3, if the voltage vary at the inputs then the output should also vary accordingly.
Sir im a electronic hobbiest i want a pwm inverter circuit with charger mains changeovr and low battery shutdown. THANK YOU. If u can send it to my e.mail vikramsha555@gmail.com
Vikram, if possible i'll to do it soon and post it to you.
it helps thanks
Hi i think this circuit will be good for me i would like use for 3 phase 400 volt asynchronus motor as generator for make induction in motor to generating electricity , my aim is from 12 DCvolt engine alternator who spin asynchronous motor convert to 12 v ac and with transformer make 400 v AC an this 400 ac to VDC I dont want use capacitors use between faces for that i would like electronic circuit i am little confuse thats pins SD where i should connect it ?
Hi, the above circuit is a 3 phase motor driver circuit from a single phase source…..so i cannot figure out how it would help your application.
SD should connected to positive for normal operation, if it's connected to ground the whole IC freezes.
Hi, maybe the High Frequency PWM signal from the 555 can be applied (through the diodes) to the outputs of the Hex Buffers, so it can quickly turn on/off the square wave signals.
No, that would cause oppostie responses for the NOT gate inputs….it would be more correct to connect the diodes with the shut down pins of the half bridge driver ICs, in fact diodes won't be required, pin#3 of the 555 astable could be directly integrated with the shut down pins of the driver ICs.
Done….I have updated the corrected versions, all the issues have been addressed correctly (hopefully).
Hi, Yes some of your points are correct, I'll reassess the above designs and look for appropriate solutions and update them soon..
hello brother, iam alek from indonesia,
iam very thankfully to you for the circuit diagram you uploaded,
iam working on methal machining, lathe,milling,etc ,
and nowdays,iam in situations which is need to build a simple converter,so i can run my 3phase 5HP lathe machine using single phase source,
i have read and learn all the circuit from you,but iam still confusing,
so with all regards please explained me about the circuit above,
mean,the whole complete circuit,the most simple 1…so i can build it my self,
please replay to my email
*subagyoss2015@gmail.com.
thank you
Hello Alek, I think you should try the following design instead:
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/how-to-convert-3-phase-ac-to-single/
i want to make sure that once i build the circuit its will work properly
so i can run my lathe machine using single phase power source, with no need to change the motor,